Cochlear Implants
by Terry Zwolan, PhD

What’s new with the MSTB-3?

April 25, 2024
Share

The Minimum Speech Test Battery, Version 3 (MSTB-3) is an updated and streamlined test battery designed for adult cochlear implantation. Developed by the Institute of Cochlear Implant Training (ICIT), this essential tool serves two main purposes:

Pre-operative determination of candidacy: Clinicians use the MSTB-3 to assess whether a patient is a suitable candidate for cochlear implant (CI) surgery.

Post-operative assessment of cochlear implant performance: After implantation, the MSTB-3 helps evaluate how well the cochlear implant is functioning in adult recipients.

Here are the key points of this article and learning outcomes for clinicians:

  • Understanding candidacy assessment for cochlear implant surgery using the new MSTB-3
  • Understanding post-operative assessment and evaluation using the new MSTB-3
  • Understanding the broader applicability of MSTB-3

A brief history of the MSTB…

The first version of the Minimum Speech Test Battery (MSTB) was introduced in 1996. It was later updated in 2011 to include the use of AzBio sentences1, as HINT sentences2 often resulted in ceiling effects when patients were tested in quiet. These early versions of the MSTB were readily adopted and widely used by clinicians for years.

Fast forward to 2022, when it was determined that the way we care for patients with cochlear implants had advanced significantly enough that an update to this test battery was needed. The revision was spearheaded by the ICIT, who recruited a group of experienced professionals to revise and update this classic test battery. The MSTB-3 team set out with several objectives in mind, resulting in the following updates:

  • Electronic format for easier access to materials
  • Comprehensive and streamlined testing for evaluating candidacy and post-operative performance
  • Clear protocols so that clinicians receive defined guidelines
  • Evidence-based recommendations
  • Supplemental Information including patient questionnaires and cognitive screening tools

Detailed information about the MSTB-3 may also be found on the MSTB-3 website. This website not only provides clinicians with the ability to download test materials but also provides response forms, the MSTB-3 manual, patient questionnaires, test protocols, and so much more. For this article, we’d like to highlight some of the new and/or revised features of the MSTB-3.

The MSTB-3 Test Battery

The previous version of the MSTB provided a recommended test protocol as well as a reduced test battery that could be used if needed. This version of the MSTB3 does the opposite; it begins with a streamlined protocol, and suggests additional tests be administered only if supplemental information is needed to determine CI candidacy or to properly evaluate post-operative performance. 

This streamlined battery recommends aided speech recognition testing be preceded by unaided audiometric testing and verification of hearing aids to ensure that candidacy decisions are based on the patient’s “best aided” condition, which the MSTB-3 defines as “testing using a hearing aid that has been optimized for hearing loss in the ear to be implanted.” Speech recognition testing begins with administration of CNC Monosyllabic Words with each ear in the “best aided” condition to determine if one, both, or neither ear meets the clinic’s predetermined CNC score for a cochlear implant. Subsequent testing involves administration of AzBio sentences in the “best aided” condition where testing focuses on the ear to be treated. Importantly, sentence scores provide additional information for candidacy decisions, and are often used to determine if the patient qualifies for insurance coverage since many insurers specify a sentence score that must be met to qualify for a CI. Finally, the MSTB3 recommends clinicians consider evaluating the patient’s speech recognition skills in their “Everyday Listening Condition,” which involves testing with the optimized hearing configuration the patient uses in their everyday listening. This typically varies from patient to patient and may include bilateral hearing aids, unilateral hearing aid, or a bilateral unaided/unoccluded situation, depending on the configuration of their hearing loss.

Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are then administered to collect additional information regarding areas of listening that provide particular challenges for the patient. If the clinician determines the patient is an appropriate candidate for a CI, they are referred on for medical evaluation. The PROMs recommended by the MSTB-3 include the CI-QOL 10 Global3 and the SSQ-124. Links to both questionnaires are provided on the MSTB-3 website. 

Here is a breakdown of the key points from the MSTB-3 recommendations:

  1. Speech Recognition Testing:
    1. Unaided audiometric testing to establish the patient’s baseline hearing.
    1. Aided speech recognition using a hearing aid optimized for the ear to be implanted (referred to as the “best aided” condition).
      1. CNC Monosyllabic Words: Administered in the “best aided” condition for each ear.
      1. AzBio Sentences: Also administered in the “best aided” condition, focusing on the ear to be treated.
  2. Everyday Listening Condition:
    1. This involves testing with the optimized hearing configuration the patient uses regularly.
    1. The specific configuration varies (e.g., bilateral hearing aids, unilateral hearing aid, or unaided) based on the patient’s hearing loss.
  3. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs):
    1. The recommended PROMs include CI-QOL 10 Global and SSQ-12.

Protocol for patients with Single-Sided Deafness (SSD)

In addition to the test protocol described above, the MSTB-3 provides a recommended candidacy protocol for use with patients with SSD. This test battery is similar to the battery used with traditional candidates, but additionally includes more difficult signal-to-noise ratios. Although indications for SSD often base decisions on CNC scores, the MSTB-3 recommends sentence testing with spatially separated noise to replicate the difficulties experienced by such listeners. Data obtained from such testing often provides additional support for candidacy decisions and may be used to support requests for coverage by the patient’s insurer. 

Cognitive Screening

Unlike previous versions, the MSTB-3 manual provides a literature review regarding cognitive evaluation considerations. Although the MSTB-3 does not specifically recommend the completion of a cognitive screener for all adult patients, decisions about such a screener should be left to the discretion of the clinician. The MSTB-3 does recommend that clinicians should be adequately trained before administering any type of cognitive screener, and that tools should be selected based on validity, specificity and sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment. Importantly, the MSTB-3 states that results of a cognitive screener should not be used to exclude a patient from cochlear implant candidacy.

Report Templates

Lastly, to further support continuity of care across clinicians, the MSTB-3 provides sample report templates for pre-operative determination of candidacy, post-operative programming, and an “After Visit Summary” that can be given to patients to ensure they are informed of the results of the appointment(s). 

Summary

In summary, the MSTB-3 provides a wealth of information that can be used by clinicians to guide their decision-making as they evaluate a patient’s candidacy for a cochlear implant and as they evaluate post-operative performance with a CI. The team that led development of the MSTB-3 is hopeful the protocols and test materials will increase consistency among clinicians regarding test procedures being used. Importantly, the MSTB-3 provides an important opportunity for other areas of audiology to utilize the MSTB-3 resources to improve the care they provide. The patient reported outcome measures are highly appropriate for all patients with hearing loss, and do not only apply to patients with CIs. The discussion about cognitive screening is also applicable to all patients with hearing loss.  Importantly, the MSTB-3 provides downloads of the CNC Monosyllabic Words Test, which could be used by clinicians to evaluate speech recognition over time with hearing aids. Wouldn’t it be great for patients if a CNC score followed them throughout their hearing journey, and we were able to track, over time, how a patient understands words when using appropriate hearing technology? Knowledge of a patient’s aided word recognition would not only serve to enhance counseling but could also be used to identify patients who may be in need of different technology. For example, a CNC score could help determine when the time is right to transition from an over-the-counter hearing aid to a more prescriptive fitting, or when it’s time to transition from a prescription hearing aid to a cochlear implant. It’s exciting to think that this battery could help more patients than just those who use cochlear implants. 

  1. Spahr AJ, Dorman MF. Performance of subjects fit with the Advanced Bionics CII and Nucleus 3G cochlear implant devices. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. May 2004;130(5):624-8. doi:10.1001/archotol.130.5.624130/5/624
  2. Nilsson M, Soli SD, Sullivan JA. Development of the Hearing in Noise Test for the measurement of speech reception thresholds in quiet and in noise. J Acoust Soc. Am. 1994 Feb;95(2):1085–1099. 
  3. McRackan TR, Hand BN, Velozo CA, Dubno JR. Validity and reliability of the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL)-35 Profile and CIQOL-10 Global instruments in comparison to legacy instruments. Ear and Hearing. Jul-Aug 2021;42(4):896-908. doi:10.1097/Aud.0000000000001022
  4. Noble W, Jensen NS, Naylor G, Bhullar N, Akeroyd MA. A short form of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale suitable for clinical use: the SSQ12. Int J Audiol. Jun 2013;52(6):409-12. doi:10.3109/14992027.2013.781278

Acknowledgements 

The MSTB-3 team included Camille Dunn and Terry Zwolan (co-leads), Thomas Balkany and Heather Strader (ICIT), and the following content experts: Allison Biever, Rene’ Gifford, Melissa Hall, Heidi Hill, Meredith Holcomb, English King, Jan Larky, Regina Presley, Meaghan Reed, William Shapiro, Sarah Sydlowski, and Jace Wolfe.  Financial support for development of the MSTB-3 was provided by Advanced Bionics, Cochlear Americas, and MED-EL. 

Related Posts
woman with bimodal solution using phone

Introducing the Nucleus® 7 Bimodal Solution

October 5, 2017

Two global leaders in the hearing loss industry, Cochlear and ReSound, are now partners!

Give your patients the opportunity for a richer and more natural hearing experience with the new Nucleus 7 Smart bimodal hearing solution1, the world’s first and only bimodal solution that is Made for iPhone.2 Your patients with a Cochlear Nucleus® 7 Sound Processor and a compatible ReSound LiNX3D™ hearing aid* can now stream sound simultaneously to both ears from a compatible Apple® device.± With a smart bimodal hearing solution they can use their iPhone® to:Nucleus 7 sound processor compatibility

  • Connect with others on the phone with confidence and improved understanding3
  • Rediscover the joy of music, movies and entertainment
  • Easily control their device settings through the Nucleus® Smart App directly on their iPhone®
  • Locate the sound processor with Find my Sound Processor functionality

Compared to using two hearing aids, a bimodal hearing solution is proven to help people understand speech and improve the clarity of words in various listening environments, including noisy listening situations.4, 5, 6 The benefits of bimodal hearing also include the following:

  • Improved hearing in quiet and noise
  • Better sound quality and music appreciation7
  • Prevention of auditory deprivation8
  • Improved ease of listening9, 10
  • Superior sound localization11Nucleus 7 Bimodal Solution

Cochlear promises to provide your patients with the best possible hearing solution, plus reliability that lasts a lifetime. With more than 30 years of quality and innovation, we have helped over 450,000 people who have chosen Cochlear solutions. You can feel confident that Cochlear is also here to support you, as you support your patients.

Visit our Bimodal Solution webpage today to learn more!

 
* With compatible ReSound hearing aids. A list of compatible hearing aids is available online at: www.cochlear.com/nucleus/compatibility
± A list of compatible Apple devices can be found at the bottom of this document.
References:
  1. Sammeth CA, Bundy MBM, D. A. (2011) Bimodal Hearing or Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A Review of the Research Literature. Semin Hear 32:3-31.
  2. Apple support. 2017 [cited 24 February 2017]. Available from: https://support. apple.com/en-au/HT201466#compatible.
  3. Cochlear Limited, D1182081. CLTD 5620 Clinical Evaluation of Nucleus 7 Cochlear Implant System. 2017, Mar; Data on file.
  4. Gottermeier L, De Filippo C, Clark C. Trials of a Contralateral Hearing Aid After Long-Term Unilateral Cochlear Implant Use in Early-Onset Deafness. American journal of audiology. 2016 Jun 1;25(2):85-99.
  5. Dorman MF, Gifford RH, Spahr AJ, McKarns SA. The benefits of combining acoustic and electric stimulation for the recognition of speech, voice and melodies. Audiology and Neurotology. 2008;13(2):105-12.
  6. Gifford RH, Dorman MF, McKarns SA, Spahr AJ. Combined electric and contralateral acoustic hearing: Word and sentence recognition with bimodal hearing. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2007 Aug 1;50(4):835-43.
  7. Sucher CM, McDermott HJ. Bimodal stimulation: benefits for music perception and sound quality. Cochlear Implants International. 2009 Jan 1;10(S1):96-9.
  8. Ching TY, Van Wanrooy E, Dillon H. Binaural-bimodal fitting or bilateral implantation for managing severe to profound deafness: a review. Trends in amplification. 2007 Sep 1;11(3):161-92.
  9. Hamzavi J, Marcel Pok S, Gstoettner W, Baumgartner WD. Speech perception with a cochlear implant used in conjunction with a hearing aid in the opposite ear. International journal of audiology. 2004 Jan 1;43(2):61-5.
  10. Ching TY, Incerti P, Hill M. Binaural benefits for adults who use hearing aids and cochlear implants in opposite ears. Ear and hearing. 2004 Feb 1;25(1):9-21.
  11. Potts LG, Skinner MW, Litovsky RA, Strube MJ, Kuk F. Recognition and localization of speech by adult cochlear implant recipients wearing a digital hearing aid in the nonimplanted ear (bimodal hearing). Journal of the American Academy of Audiology. 2009 Jun 1;20(6):353-73.
© Cochlear Limited 2017. All rights reserved. Hear Now And Always and other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of Cochlear Limited.
The Nucleus 7 Sound Processor is compatible with iPhone 7 Plus, iPhone 7, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6, iPhone SE, iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c, iPhone 5, iPad Pro (12.9-inch), iPad Pro (9.7-inch), iPad Air 2, iPad Air, iPad mini 4, iPad mini 3, iPad mini 2, iPad mini, iPad (4th generation), iPod touch (6th generation) and iPod touch (5th generation) using iOS 10.0 or later. Apple, the Apple logo, Made for iPad logo, Made for iPhone logo, Made for iPod logo, iPhone, iPad Pro, iPad Air, iPad mini, iPad and iPod touch are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Information accurate as of June 2017
Dr. Laure Pratesi

Aural rehabilitation in practice with Dr. Pratesi

December 14, 2021

Laura Pratesi, AuD, discusses the importance of aural rehabilitation and how she puts it into practice.

What is the value of aural rehabilitation for your adult patients?

Aural rehabilitation is immensely valuable. I recommend it to patients at just about every stage in their hearing wellness journey. I explain that aural rehab is like “physical therapy for the brain.” Whichever skills the patient wants to strengthen or develop, we create a treatment plan and a goal to work towards. I use certain speech in noise tests (such as the QuickSIN or AzBio), as well as questionnaires such as COSI, APHAB, HHIA, HHIE, as benchmarks, to track their progress. 

Data shows that aural rehab is important for adult patients – how do you implement into practice?

Pre-COVID, we were working on developing a weekly in-person group therapy session. I think that patients can learn so much from each other, knowing there are others in the same boat. Group therapy would also give patients the opportunity to listen to lots of different voices (male and female, accent variations, loud and softer talkers, etc.). COVID-19 certainly changed our plans and brought an additional level of complexity as masks hamper lipreading and distort speech signals while quality degrades over distance. We were not sure how to overcome this. So during this time, I have focused on working with patients individually, and having them complete homework by themselves or with family members. 

At what point in the treatment process do you bring up rehab? For whom?

I bring up aural rehab from just about day one. In private practice, if patients are at my office, it is because they notice they are struggling. They have acknowledged that there is an issue, and they want to get to the bottom of it. I listen carefully to their symptoms and concerns. Even patients whose test results fall into the “normal” range may not be performing as optimally as they would like. For some patients, their challenge may have more to do with auditory processing than anatomy and physiology, but that does not mean that their struggles are not real, and do not need to be addressed. If a patient is in front of me with a complaint, then I will work with them to find a solution to their problem!

How does an aural rehab program impact your practice?

I believe focusing on aural rehabilitation means that our clinic is working to treat the whole person. We cannot just fit a set hearing aids or a cochlear implant and call it a day. When the brain has been deprived of certain sounds (sometimes for decades), it’s going to take time to learn how to hear and process again. I was born with hearing loss myself, and I did not hear much in my left ear for the first 20+ years of my life, until I got a hearing aid. I remember the time it took to get adjusted to hearing my refrigerator humming and my clock ticking. I was about two years into wearing my own hearing aids until I could tolerate them at the full volume recommended for my hearing loss.

Even now, if I switch between old and new technology, or change between hearing aid brands, it takes about 2-3 weeks for my brain to adjust to the differences. It only makes sense that it will take time for others to adjust as well. Factors to consider include the patient’s duration of deafness, pre- or post-lingual on-set of hearing loss (i.e. before or after speech development) and interventions used to date. As a provider, and as someone with hearing loss, I think it’s important we address the person as a whole. Many are seeking better access to sound and greater ease with communication. Why would we not want to try to address those concerns?

How has Cochlear™ CoPilot been integrated into your program?

Cochlear CoPilot has been an effective addition to my aural rehab tool box. It has previously been a challenge to find quality, affordable solutions for my patients. There have been programs that have been discontinued, others that are not cost effective, some that are cumbersome or not intuitive. I love how the lessons build off of each other, and the tasks gradually become more complex. If the beginning tasks are too easy, you can jump ahead. If the exercise is too hard, you can go back and work on the skill set that builds up to it. You can focus on names or numbers or street addresses or whatever. I found the exercises to be applicable to real conversations and real interactions.

How have your patients used and benefited from Cochlear CoPilot?

I think that any kind of listening exercise can be beneficial, but I love that patients can stream directly to their processor/hearing aid, or can turn one side off and work an individual ear at a time. It’s been very easy to get the app downloaded and installed for my patients. I set aside a few minutes of their appointment time to go over and practice some of the first lessons. Everyone has found it very simple and easy to use, and not intimidating at all. My patients like the streaming aspect the most – and that they can do the exercises anywhere at any time. I try to get patients to commit to at least one hour a day of dedicated aural rehab time. Snagging 10-15 minutes here or there, they can accomplish that easily! 

Download Cochlear CoPilot for free from the Apple® App Store®.

About the author:

Laura Pratesi, Au.D. is owner of Citrus Hearing Clinic LLC in Clermont, Florida. Dr. Laura received her Bachelor of Science in Communication and Sciences Disorders with a concentration in Human Development from Auburn University in 2008, and her Doctor of Audiology degree from Auburn University in 2012. During her time at Auburn, she had the opportunity to work in a variety of clinical settings including in a school system, hospital system, VA facility, ENT practice, private practice, and assisted living facilities. She has extensive experience in working with both pediatric and geriatric populations, as well as veterans.

Audiology is not just a profession for Dr. Laura, but also a calling. Diagnosed with a progressive hearing loss at age 5 years, she was first fit with amplification by her classmates while at Auburn University. Having struggled with untreated hearing loss for years while falling into care gaps, Dr. Laura is passionate about proper identification, diagnosis and intervention of hearing and balance disorders for patients of all ages. 

Dr. Laura has been featured as a Woman of the Year for 2020 by Orlando Magazine, a HearStrong Champion, was a part of the Docs with Disabilities campaign by the University of Michigan, and was featured on multiple podcasts, including Orlando Lady Boss. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Audiology, has her CCC-A from ASHA, is a member of the Academy of Doctors of Audiology, and is a member of the Florida Academy of Audiology. Since April 2021, she has been a member of a FLAA Task Force charged with updating Audiology Statutes in the state of Florida. At her practice, she does contract work for the Veteran’s Administration, the Department of Vocational Rehabilitation, the Lake County School System, and the Social Security Administration. She resides in Central Florida with her husband, their five year old son, four cats, and two hermit crabs. In her free time, she is a volunteer at Clermont First United Methodist Church, and the former Publicity Chair board member of the Moonlight Players community theater (on hiatus due to Covid-19).

For compatibility information visit www.cochlear.com/compatibility

Apple, the Apple logo, Apple Watch, FaceTime, Made for iPad logo, Made for iPhone logo, Made for iPod logo, iPhone, iPad Pro, iPad Air, iPad mini, iPad and iPod touch are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Cochlear logo - white

©Cochlear Limited 2024. All rights reserved. ACE, Advance Off-Stylet, AOS, Ardium, AutoNRT, Autosensitivity, Baha, Baha SoftWear, BCDrive, Beam, Bring Back the Beat, Button, Carina, Cochlear, 科利耳, コクレア, 코클리어, Cochlear SoftWear, Contour, コントゥア, Contour Advance, Custom Sound, DermaLock, Freedom, Hear now. And always, Hugfit, Human Design, Hybrid, Invisible Hearing, Kanso, LowPro, MET, MP3000, myCochlear, mySmartSound, NRT, Nucleus, Osia, Outcome Focused Fitting, Off-Stylet, Piezo Power, Profile, Slimline, SmartSound, Softip, SoundArc, True Wireless, the elliptical logo, Vistafix, Whisper, WindShield and Xidium are either trademarks or registered trademarks of the Cochlear group of companies. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

 

This material is intended for health professionals. If you are a consumer, please seek advice from your health professional about treatments for hearing loss. Outcomes may vary, and your health professional will advise you about the factors which could affect your outcome. Always read the instructions for use. Not all products are available in all countries. Please contact your local Cochlear representative for product information.

 

Cochlear ProNews is monitored Monday through Friday, excluding some holidays. Questions and inquiries submitted over the weekends or holidays may see a delay in response. For immediate assistance please contact us directly. You are solely responsible for your interactions with other members of our Websites. Cochlear reserves the right, but has no obligation, to monitor disputes or communications between you and other members of our Websites. For a full list of Cochlear’s terms of use, click here.